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The first sample served as reference indicating the basal CGRP release in the dura mater.
A copper disc, with a copper wire, being pressed to the metal contact side of the sample, served as a conductor in order to integrate the sample in the anodic etching system.
The ratio of Fire Fly luciferase activity to Renilla luciferase activity in each sample served as a measurement of normalized luciferase activity.
This sample served as a control sequence for this study, as the resulting viral population should contain essentially the same RNA sequence.
Triplicate cDNA aliquots from each sample served as templates for qRT-PCR using SYBR Green PCR Master Mix Applied Biosystemss) on an Applied Biosystems 7900 Real-Time PCR System.
Based on these parameters, gradient-purified Gag/EstA (70 ng and 280 ng) and non-modified Gag (560 ng) were subsequently analyzed for esterase activity; a VLP-free sample served as negative control to detect autohydrolysis and unspecific breakdown of the ester substrate.
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A thin sample serves as both a "window" into the corrosion cell through which the proton beam passes completely, and the sample for assessing irradiation accelerated corrosion.
Au foils (2.5 μm thick) were placed at both ends of the sample, serving as boundary/interface markers for length measurements using X-ray imaging.
This blood sample serves as a reference for calculating blood flow.
The general population sample serves as a referent or control group.
In the "reference" design each sample is compared to a common RNA reference sample, serving as a common denominator between different microarray hybridizations [ 7].
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