We describe here our procedure for qRT-PCR analysis of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers, and discuss relevant issues of sample preparation, experimental design and data analysis.
For soft gels whose elastic modulus is in the kPa range, mechanical characterization by bulk mechanical testing methods presents challenges, for example, in sample preparation, fixture design, gripping, and/or load measurement accuracy.
To develop standardized exposure procedures, the urban PM standard reference material (SRM) 1649b was used to systematically determine sample preparation methods, design experimental controls, determine concentration ranges and evaluation procedures.
Recent advances in sample preparation, microscope design and image processing allow the generation of 'multidimensional' data, simultaneously reporting the three-dimensional distribution and concentrations of several different molecules within cells and tissues at multiple time points with sub-micron spatial resolution and sub-second temporal resolution.
An efficient approach would be to use public gene expression data repositories as test sets; however, it has been difficult to compare and/or combine data sets from independent laboratories due to differences in sample preparation, experimental design, and microarray platforms.
MIAMET (Minimum Information About a METabolomics experiment) [57] suggests reporting standards regarding experimental design, sample preparation, metabolic profiling design and measurements.
Details of sample preparation procedure designed to minimize the damage to the steel-concrete interface due to grinding and polishing are presented.
Miniaturized sample preparation methods designed as the sample pretreatment for liquid phase separations, such as liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography, have been reviewed especially for the on-line coupling of the sample preparation process and the separation process.
Miniaturized needle extraction device has been developed as a versatile sample preparation device designed for the rapid and simple analysis of smoking-related compounds in smokers' hair samples and environmental tobacco smoke.
Pyrosequencing is a highly effective method for quantitatively genotyping short genetic sequences, but it currently is hampered by a labor-intensive sample preparation process designed to isolate single-stranded DNA from double-stranded products generated by conventional PCR.
