Pellets were made by grounding samples of catalysts and KBr, while spectrum was scanned from wavenumber 4000 400 cm−1.
From Table 9, it can be seen that samples F20 and F21, the modified samples of catalysts USY-A and USY-C, respectively, still have EFAL which has not been extracted by AHFS, and that framework Al atoms were attacked.
Samples of catalysts (IRSN/IRCELYON coupon) similar to those used in Phébus and H2PAR facilities were exposed in REKO-1 facility to an atmosphere similar to that of the Phébus model containment.
At given intervals of enlightenment, a sample of the catalyst particulate was collected and centrifuged.
Among these surface Co species, the Type A clean Co3O4 particles were predominant on a sample of the catalyst after calcination at 450 °C and highly active for CO oxidation at 100 °C, and the calcination at 570 °C gave the Type B Co3O4 particles with complete ConTiOn+2 overlayers inactive for this oxidation reaction.
In this study, the changes caused by adding a waste catalyst on the properties of the final product were investigated by applying curing on samples of waste catalyst metakaolin-based geopolymers (WCMBGs) prepared with different solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratios (0.66 0.81) and at different waste catalyst replacement levels (0 40 wt.%).
A sample (1 g) of catalyst was sandwiched in the reactor between two layers of inert glass beads held in place by glass wool to form the catalytic bed.
In order to get a representative value five separate samples of the catalyst were dissolved and processed by the proposed extraction procedure.
Fresh powder samples of the catalyst were characterized by XRD, N2-BET, H2 chemisorption, H2-TPR and XPS analyses.
Fresh and aged powder samples of the catalyst were characterized by N2-BET, H2 chemisorption, XRD, H2-TPR, O2-TPO and TEM.
