Vitrification of the outer layer prevents escape of the gases formed in the interior of the sample, forcing swelling.
The shift to the FT analytic sample forced us to drop Canada from the Q4 analyses as Canada did not collect information on full-time work.
Pressing the coverslip down on the sample forced all sperm out of the seminal vesicle, allowing motility of the sperm to be observed under dark-field microscopy.
This was connected to a bridge amplifier (model ML112 ADInstruments, Sydney, NSW, Australia) and the output was recorded via a data acquisition system (PowerLab model 8/20, ADInstruments, Sydney, NSW, Australia) programmed to sample force 40 times per second.
This could be in principle problematic for very soft materials or for extremely small nanoparticles whose geometry could change significantly due to tip-sample forces [28, 29].
The histogram (c) is performed at various tip-sample forces in order to decouple the tip-sample contact resistance from the nanotube and composite resistance.
In particular, the use of alternative measures across samples forces the assumption that different tests of the same construct measure comparable underlying biological processes.
The setpoint ratio was shown to be the main parameter controlling the tip-sample force, and consequently the phase contrast.
During tapping mode, the nonlinear tip-sample force activates the internal resonance and thereby amplifies the out-of-phase resonant mode.
The influences of the tip-sample force and of the size of the microelectrode on the electrical properties of the Au microelectrodes were also studied.
