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The most important prerequisite for the usage of the oxygen isotope paleoaltimeter is to ensure that the δ18O value of the used sample can reflect the δ18O value in original precipitation.
For example, if you want to know the distribution of price of all the orders in an online sales website, you don't need to know the details of each order and a sample can reflect the overall situation.
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Voids number uniform coefficient UCN and voids ratio uniform coefficient UCR of core samples can reflect the compaction uniformity of asphalt pavement from the aspect of micro structure.
The relatively reasonable sampling number can reflect the class of all species in the sample.
In addition, estimating the geomechanical properties of conglomeratic rocks need high quality samples that can reflect either textural and cement properties.
The DHT of an individual input sample can really reflect the local variation performance, since it is the convolution with the reciprocal of time and the input data sequence, but there exists phase shift.
Thus some of the observed overlap in our sample seems unnecessary and can reflect wasted efforts and inefficiency in the process of summarizing evidence.
DNA microarrays measure gene expression levels of a large number of genes for a tissue sample or cell, which can reflect the relative changes of gene expression level in each individual gene during time courses.
Overall LRR-means were examined for each sample as extreme deviations can reflect poor hybridization, oversaturation or other cell line artefacts (Fig. 4 shows examples of high and low means).
However, the deviation of observed P-values in these QQ plots is reflecting both effect size and sample size, meaning that large deviations can reflect small effect sizes if sample size is large enough.
Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) can extract more discriminative features by utilizing class labels, especially the ones that can reflect the sample distribution appropriately.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com