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However, post hoc sample calculations indicate that the study was underpowered to detect small associations between dietary changes and metabolic outcomes, having 15% power for women and 52% for men at an α of 0.05.
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Under the assumption of similar proportions of abnormalities as that reported during a VCM exposure, 12 14 our sample calculation indicated that we would need 27 participants in each of the exposed and non-exposed groups to find a change in probability of 35% (ie, 40% in exposed vs 5% in non-exposed) for a power of 80% and a two-sided α of 5%.
However, our sample size calculations indicate that a sample size of 615 patients and a follow up period of 6.6 years provides relatively sufficient power to detect a major difference in patient or graft survival between the groups.
Sample size calculations indicate that a sample of 131 patients is sufficient to demonstrate an effect size of 0.30 at a significance level of 5% with a power of 80%.
Sample size calculations indicate that a sample of 86 patients is sufficient to detect a statistically clinically difference of ≥ 0.5 % HbA1c (sd = 1.1 %) at a significance level of 5 % with a power of 80%%, given three follow-up measurements using GEE analyses and taking into account the within-subject correlation (rho = 0.7).
Sample size calculations indicate a minimum of 43 hospitals are required to adequately power the study.
Sample size calculations indicate that a 20% difference in the proportion of participants reporting an increase in exercise prescription behaviour will be detected with a sample size of 220 (control group rate 50%, intervention group rate 70%, power=80 %, α=5 %, 15dropouts).
Sample size calculations indicated that a sample size of 500 tonsils is sufficient to reliably estimate S. suis carriage rates.
After sample size calculations indicated that 147 patients would be needed to detect a 25% difference between drug and control, 153 patients with MPS were recruited and randomized to receive either a diclofenac sodium patch or control (menthol) patch.
Pos-hoc sample size calculations indicated that we would have needed a study approximately ten times larger to achieve statistical significance.
Sample size calculations indicated that a minimum of 50 patients is required for this study.
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