Sentence examples for sample biological systems from inspiring English sources
QM largely addresses the former, but how to extensively sample biological systems at the QM level of theory remains a challenging issue.
Sophisticated QM models can address the accuracy issue, but how to extensively sample biological systems at the QM/MM level of theory using more accurate QM representations will be an active area of future research.
We envision that the probe will add useful tools in detecting thiophenols in environmental samples and biological systems.
For the sample PhoPQ biological system introduced before, the phoPp transport to the cytosol process can be modeled using the diffusion model discussed above.
The disadvantage of the method is that sample thickness for aqueous biological systems is limited to a few micrometers in transmission or attenuated total reflection (ATR) measurements.
However, the lower amount of RNA required for this protocol, as compared to the IVT protocol, renders this methodology a highly desirable one for biological systems where sample amounts are limiting.
Here we assume a simple approximation of this scenario, in which each sample of a biological system is subjected to one of many conditions prior to time t0, and then observed in a common condition after t0 (see Fig. 2 and Definition (1) in Appendix S1 in Supplementary Information).
For in vitro and in vivo characterization studies, one is interested in measuring the effects of a material sample on a biological system, such as a cell line or animal model.
Given that LSPR is a label-free technique, the combined function of multiple detections may lead to highly efficient bioassays that rely on orthogonal methods using the same sample on the same chip, vastly decreasing time and cost in the characterization of biological systems and environmental samples.
These developments will help expand the applicability of XFEL crystallography to challenging biological systems, including cases where sample is limited.
To test our workflow on samples from a biological system, we utilized two isogenic lines of D. melanogaster, one hardy and one susceptible to cold exposure.
