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The activity of the blank, containing no Pct or β-ketothiolase, was subtracted from each sample as background.
Without an identified DNA sequence or reference sample as background knowledge, such an approach for re-identification would not work [ 16].
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Freshly prepared medium was analyzed aside the samples as background control.
Absorbance was measured at 550 nm, with cell-free samples as background.
We applied three different peak-callers to (i) raw (un-normalized) data using statistical background models and (ii) raw data with control samples as background and (iii) normalized data without additional control samples as background.
OD was measured at 650 nm using the cell free medium at the point of sampling as background.
We used two 24-hr samples taken 2 days after the end of each ADS episode (on days 8 and 9 after the first measurement before the predicted onset of three ADS episodes and on days 6 and 7 after the first measurement before the predicted onset of another three ADS episodes), except two lost samples, as background days (a total of 10 days).
This is done for both the sample as well as for a background sample or control, and coverage is smoothed using a kernel smoother.
People of ATSI descent were under-represented in our sample, as were people of lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and people whose main language was not English.
The genome-wide DNA methylation levels were quantified by analyzing mapped sequencing reads as methylation peaks, using the supernatant of each sample as standard background, and are referred to as total number of peaks (Supplementary Table S4).
The convention was to use the mock-inoculated root sample as a background for gene counts, meaning that the continuous variable logarithm of the fold-change expression represents the ranked probability score for the gene being not differentially expressed.
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