In a civil case earlier this week, a State Supreme Court justice permanently barred Mr. West from conducting same-sex marriages without licenses.
But basic same-sex attraction, without linguistic markers or psychological theories, occurs in all societies where human beings find themselves.
Thus, article 9 of the charter, leaves the decision to the states whether or not to recognise same-sex marriages (without obliging them to do so).
Much of Professor Browning's project seems to weigh against same-sex marriage, without being entirely or explicitly closed to the possibility, especially if children are involved.
They also permitted bishops to ordain homosexual men and women, and local clergy members to bless same-sex unions without fear of reprisal.
In July, the lead lawyer for the defendants, Charles J. Cooper, reminded Judge Walker that the California Supreme Court had ruled in favor of same-sex marriage without a trial.
Rabbi Ed Feinstein of Valley Beth Shalom in Encino, which also has a significant Persian population, said that he has long performed same-sex ceremonies, without any pushback.
Among the options are a plebiscite or a constitutional referendum – although the high court has previously ruled that the parliament had the ability to make laws for same-sex marriage without requiring a constitutional amendment.
Eager to celebrate their partnership, Tracy and Katy Weber Tierney were among the first in line when Connecticut created civil unions three years ago as a way to formalize same-sex relationships without using the word "marriage".
Australia's high court has previously ruled it was within the power of the federal parliament to make laws to allow same-sex marriage without requiring an amendment to the constitution.
Their older counterparts are not as tolerant: just 29% support same-sex marriage without caveats, while 44% support it when assured churches wouldn't have to perform the ritual for gay and lesbian couples.
