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doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-3-16. 3) In some places the manuscript is slightly redundant arguing the same fact/observation in more or less the same wordings.
Local dependency, which means that some items are still correlated after the same underlying concept has been taken into account (e.g., the same wordings), was examined using the correlations (r) of the Rasch residuals between every two items.
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Examples apparently include changing wordings like "unhealthy" to "not healthy", or adding hyphens to words.
Wordings that were the same in the RN tools and approved in the HCA tools were adopted directly; only differing wordings required translation.
For instance, Kleinman's studies in Taiwan and Boston illustrate how people may present the same illness complaints in different phrases or wordings, depending on whether they see a biomedical doctor or a CAM healer [ 38].
The Faber text of How to Hold Your Breath omits this warning, although similar wordings appear in other releases from the same firm.
The principal component analysis was run again with missing data excluded listwise and yielded the same factor structure.> -wrap-foot> aFull item wordings are shown Additional file 1: Table S5.
Importantly, similar concepts were repeated in several variations, because studies have shown that students may key in to certain "trigger words" including theory, Darwin, evolution, scientists, and descent; and different wordings can lead to different survey results, even with the same students (Evans, 2001; Scott and Branch, 2009).
Hence, it was validated that the same results could be gained when using the term "cost" with different wordings as a search term, eg, in comparison with "costs", "cost of illness", "cost minimization", cost-effectiveness", "cost utility", and "cost benefit".
These additional questions were formulated by three of the authors (ML, MS, MAS) using the wordings in the Act (G3, G4, G5, G6) and applying the same type of wordings for the questions about staff information and support.
Though the exact wordings and response options of SRH have varied between surveys making direct comparisons difficult, it essentially assesses the same phenomenon across different settings (10).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com