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In Japan a tholeiitic series and a calc-alkalic series sometimes erupt from the same volcano.
The chemistry and dynamics are so complex that the same magma, in the same volcano, can either create a tremendous explosion or ooze forth sedately -- called an "effusive" eruption -- depending on slight differences in how fast the magma rises.
And the pieces were drawn from the same magma supply and ejected from the same volcano, Mount Mazama, which exploded and formed Crater Lake in Oregon some 7,600 years ago.
Air traffic over was continuing to ramp up after six days of unparalleled disruption when airspace was closed across northern and central Europe because regulators feared that ash from the same volcano would clog jet engines, potentially stalling planes midflight.
Then, on July 28, two Colombian ornithologists, Jorge Velásquez and Alonso Quevedo, discovered a flock of 14 parrots in tall trees in a few acres of desolate forest atop the same volcano.
Although volcanologists now agree with that general picture, it leaves open the crucial question of why some eruptions are explosive and others -- often in the same volcano, as with Mount Mazama -- merely effusive, spitting up magma like overheated oatmeal on a stovetop.
Similar(41)
But those same volcanoes also have periods of restlessness that never culminate in a big explosion.
Dr Oppenheimer analyses the composition of the gases coming out of volcanoes to try to diagnose why some volcanoes erupt explosively, whilst others erupt peacefully and why the same volcanoes sometimes switch very dramatically.
The downshift of the d-band center in the alloys, commonly used as a descriptor of the surface electronic state of ORR catalysts, shows the same volcano-type behavior for the Pt n Pd100– n aerogels.
Some tephras from the same source volcano but from different eruptions have similar petrographic and geochemical characteristics, so it is very difficult to distinguish between them based solely on these attributes.
Preliminary calculations of the electronic coupling between the metal in a TAP (tetraazaporphyrin) environment and the sulfur atom in a thiol show that this parameter exhibits the same trend (volcano correlation) found when log k is plotted versus the number of d-electron in the central metal.
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