Monkeys with serotonin depletions of the OFC displayed stimulus-bound responding on both tests of conditioned reinforcement and discrimination extinction suggesting that orbitofrontal serotonin plays a specific role in preventing competing, task irrelevant, salient stimuli from biasing responding.
These results are in agreement with the gateway hypothesis: during a PM task medBA10 biases attention toward external salient stimuli, SO attending, while latBA10 biases attention toward internal mnemonic representations, SI attending.
In S3, most TT voxels were biased toward autobiographically salient excerpts, whereas S2 showed a greater mixture of biases.
Within the VLPFC cluster, the distribution of TT voxels was also skewed toward autobiographically biased, and all but one subject showed an average TT bias toward autobiographically salient songs.
Whereas individualistic cultural groups emphasize an independent self, reflected in processing biases towards centralized salient objects, collectivistic cultures are oriented towards an interdependent self, attending to contextual associations between visual cues.
Psychological and neuroscientific models of attentional control often characterize attention as under the combined influence of exogenous factors, directing attention towards salient stimuli, and endogenous factors, biasing attention towards task-relevant stimuli [9], [10].
That Amazon's error focused on gay and lesbian themed books made questions of bias all the more salient.
Together, these findings demonstrate that, in the context of hurricane forecasts, the salient visual features of the display bias viewers' interpretations of the ensemble hurricane tracks.
Exposing the androcentric and sexist biases lying behind certain theories makes salient the room for alternative programs not based on such biases.
(ii) Second, by relying on official reports, the policy changes tracked may be partly biased towards politically more salient policy issues in a specific country.
