Aside from adding to an increasing collection of successful and exciting direct cellular-reprogramming stories, the main implication for our discovery is a potentially safe strategy to derive DA neuron-like cells for treatment of PD, a devastating neurological disease with no universally satisfactory treatment strategy currently available.
Most of the substances detected lack toxicity data to derive safe levels and have not yet been regulated.
Recently there have been efforts to derive safe, efficient processes to rule out acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in emergency department (ED) chest pain patients.
Monte Carlo simulation was applied in the model output uncertainty analyses and used to derive safe mud windows based on probability estimates.
Over recent years, there have been efforts to derive safe and efficient assessment processes - in particular attempts to define a subgroup of patients at very low risk and suitable for an accelerated assessment and early discharge.
Various stakeholders in government and industry have traditionally employed risk assessment quantifying material hazard, exposure, and effects assessments based upon available measurable data to derive safe exposure limits and acceptable environmental releases.
Recent studies have described several reprogramming methods using proteins, RNAs and small-molecule compounds to derive safe iPS cells [24 26].
In general, BMDLs are used as the statistical lower confidence limits of benchmark doses to derive "safe" exposure levels [ 30].
Egorin 83 noted that using BSA-based dosing was initially implemented as a means to derive safe starting doses for phase I anticancer studies from preclinical animal toxicology data based on its theoretical ability to predict metabolic rate.
For example, in infants, intakes from human milk bioactive substances such as nucleotides [ 25], carnitine [ 2], lutein [ 3], and glycoconjugate sugars [ 19, 26] have been used to derive safe levels of addition of such compounds to infant formulas.
