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Variants in CD2AP were significantly associated with SAD risk in our subjects.
Many sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) risk genes have been identified in the last decades, but most of them have not been consistently accepted.
Another sAD risk factor is the presence of a polymorphism for the Ca2+ homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) protein, a multipass transmembrane glycoprotein with a large Ca2+ conductance across the plasma membrane.
This among others included the ortholog of human PICALM (phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein), a regulator of clathrin-mediated endocytic trafficking and one of the most well-established SAD risk factors [ 151].
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The impact of APOE genotype and allele frequencies on SAD risks was analyzed by binary logistic regression.
In 1993, APOE ε4 was first reported to increase SAD risks and advance AAO of AD in a gene dosage way. 1, 2, 16 Except for several investigations, 17 most studies confirmed the results.
As for the majority of sporadic AD (SAD), apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) was the only one confirmed to be related with SAD risks since 1993, 1, 2 and the results were replicated by many candidate genetic studies in different populations and different regions all around the world.
In stage 1, 95 variants in 75 genes that were previously reported as SAD-risk genes in Caucasian populations were evaluated in 1857 subjects (422 SAD patients and 1435 controls).
Our study suggests that CD2AP is an SAD-risk gene in Chinese Han population and CD2AP gene expression is decreased in the PBL of patients with SAD, indicating its possible systemic involvement in SAD.
The use of objective and highly reproducible brain system endophenotypes can make it easier to identify sAD genetic risk factors and to understand their impact on brain systems.
Following replication in independent cohorts, validated biomarkers could help to identify SAD patients at risk of developing a depressive disorder, thus facilitating early intervention.
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