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Wheeler repeated the procedure between the fifth lumbar and the first sacral vertebrae.
In most reptiles the ilium is joined to two sacral vertebrae.
Sacral vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum, to which the pelvic girdle is attached.
There are usually 3 to 5 sacral vertebrae, but some xenarthrans have as many as 13.
The MRI scan showed disk degeneration, with narrowing and bulging between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae and between the fifth lumbar and the first sacral vertebrae.
As development proceeds, the sacroiliac joints become established between the hip bones and the upper sacral vertebrae.
In some anteaters the posterior sacral vertebrae are fused with the ischium (a bone on each side of the pelvic girdle) through ossification of a connecting ligament.
The ornithischian pelvis was constructed of the same three bones on each side of the sacral vertebrae, to which they were attached.
The vertebral column is made up of an atlas (the first vertebra of the neck) and 95 to 285 trunk vertebrae; no differentiated sacral vertebrae are present.
Because the hind limb is usually of greater importance in weight bearing, especially in bipedal vertebrates, it articulates with the vertebral column by means of the costal elements of the sacral vertebrae.
The transverse processes of the first three sacral vertebrae are fused to form wide lateral wings, or alae, and articulate with the centre-back portions of the blades of the ilia to complete the pelvic girdle.
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