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The top of the first (uppermost) sacral vertebra articulates with the last (lowest) lumbar vertebra.
One sacral vertebra, 2 to 4 caudosacral vertebrae, and from about 20 to more than 100 (Oedipina) caudal, or tail, vertebrae complete the column.
A sacral canal running down through the centre of the sacrum represents the end of the vertebral canal; the functional spinal cord ends at about the level of the first sacral vertebra, but its continuation, the filum terminale, can be traced through the sacrum to the first coccygeal vertebra.
Most easily identified and detectable anatomical variations are related with change in the number of sacral vertebra by union of fifth lumbar vertebra or first coccyx and deletion of first sacral vertebra.
It extends from the second cervical vertebra to the first sacral vertebra, thus connecting the two adjacent laminae (Fig. 26a).
The subluxed L5 vertebral body projected en face overlaps the first sacral vertebra and creates the appearance of an "inverted Napoleon hat" consistent with spondylolisthesis (a).
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Wheeler repeated the procedure between the fifth lumbar and the first sacral vertebrae.
In most reptiles the ilium is joined to two sacral vertebrae.
Sacral vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum, to which the pelvic girdle is attached.
There are usually 3 to 5 sacral vertebrae, but some xenarthrans have as many as 13.
The MRI scan showed disk degeneration, with narrowing and bulging between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae and between the fifth lumbar and the first sacral vertebrae.
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