***Includes one patient with a sacral injury.
A 6-year retrospective study carried out in the Level-I Trauma and Regional Spinal Cord Injury Center, New Jersey, USA, revealed that, of 1,672 patients who had been hit by a motor vehicle, 135 (8%) were found to have sustained spinal injury, 35% cervical injury, 19% thoracic injury, 37% lumbar injury, and 27% sacral injury [ 12].
Thus, cervical injuries can occur at levels C1 C8, thoracic injuries at levels T1 T12, lumbar injuries at L1 L5, and sacral injuries at S1 S5.
Two patients had superficial sacral wound dehiscence and underwent débridement.
Thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal cord injuries may result in paraplegia (weakness or paralysis in the legs) and cause dysfunction of the bladder, bowel, and sexual organs.
There were no bowel injuries, sacral hematomas, or sacral fractures.
There were no bowel injuries, sacral hematomas, or sacral fractures.> -wrap-foot> ALIF = anterior lumbar interbody fusion.
Actually, the surface of vertical sacral fractures and the injury degree of pelvic ligaments are complex, which may complicate sacroiliac joint dislocation, as well as bilateral or multi-direction sacral fractures [ 6, 8].
Patients were excluded from the study if they (1) had pubic symphysis separation, (2) bilateral sacral fracture, (3) sacroiliac joint injuries, (4) sacral plexus injuries that required neurolysis or decompression, or (5) injuries of unclear date or a history of conservatively or surgically treated pelvic injuries.
The optimal classification and treatment algorithm for complex lumbosacral injuries, in particular high-energy sacral fractures and lumbosacral dissociation (LSD) injuries, remains controversial.
To examine biophysical skin properties in the sacral region in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients suffering from a grade 1 pressure ulcer (PU) defined as non-blanchable erythema (SCI/PU), SCI patients in the post-acute phase (SCI/PA) and able-bodied participants (CON).
