It implies that urban income growth should drive more spillover effects when urban-rural ecological intercorrelation is strong, but in fact it fails in a highly urbanized region.
Empirical analysis results show that the urban income rises have weak spillover effects, while rural income growth primarily influences land use efficiency changes when urban-rural ecological intercorrelation is weak.
In this research, we aim to study how urban-rural ecological intercorrelation can dynamically determine the edge effects between backward-wave effects and spillover effects to affect dynamics of land use efficiency on the pathway of regional development.
Community-based measures recharging groundwater in semi-arid India has historically underpinned rural socio-ecological resilience, though are declining through technological, policy and other changes.
Yes, some of us currently live there, but there are other, better candidates for progressive place-based solidarities – cities which have traditions and identities as culturally open, diverse, social justice innovators; rural districts where ecological and alternative economic practices thrive.
This counter-trajectory is agroecological because rural workers harnessed ecological process to cultivate their smallholder plots, and political because they created collective forms of land control, work, and identity.
Over the historical period considered, with the implementation of the various SWC policies, the rural economic and ecological system improved continuously while the sediment load and flood risk decreased dramatically.
A "green trap" takes place when positive feedback reinforce rural poverty and ecological degradation, while a "red trap" happens because of overconsumption and failure to maintain the integrity of ecosystems.
