Cluster starting points were allocated among Governorates using a mixture of PPS and explicit stratification so as to provide various stratum-specific estimates (e.g. by Governorate and urban versus rural), based on population data from census or local statistics offices.
Each geographical unit was then classified as urban, suburban, or rural, based on its population density, using Statistics Canada's definition of suburban neighbourhood as a Census area with an average population density between 150 and 400 persons per square kilometre [ 28].
This is evident from a 2014 survey of nephrology fellows, where only 7% of IMGs and no USMGs want to work in rural areas despite the fact that one-quarter of the USA population is rural based [ 87].
A DHC was classified as rural based on the percent of its total population residing in non-CMA or CA regions.
Similarly, a geographical indicator of urban or rural residency, based on population density, was also generated and linked to the file.
We used survey analysis methodology to derive risk estimates and associated 95% confidence intervals standardized to the age and sex structure of the Vietnamese rural population based on the 2009 Population and Housing Census.
Female participants had a significantly higher mean CD4 cell count 307.23 cells/mm3 (SD = 270.93) as compared to male participants with 216.77 cellSDmm3 (SD = 226.08), (p<0.0012), while the mean CD4 counts among the urban-based population was higher at 301.62 cellSDmm3 (SD = 260.57) compared to the rural-based population with CD4 cell count of 206.03 cells/mm3 (248.12), p<0.0016.
Different outcomes may be expected in a rural-based population.
The predominantly rural-based population in Ethiopia has limited access to health facilities creating barriers to TB services.
The TurkStat definition of urban and rural area is based on population size in a given settlement (urban defined as a population over 20,000).
The study area was selected as representative of typical rural populations in Bangladesh based on population density (~1000 people per square kilometer), rural, agrarian characteristics, and economic and public health indicators [ 37].
