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The mechanical properties of the distraction callus for each group were measured using a static 3-point bending tester (Instron 5500R; Instron Corp ,Canton, MA; load cell, 500 N; rupturing speed, 1 mm/min).
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Thus, the spatial distribution of rupture speed determined in this study (Fig. 3) may be interpreted in terms of differences in dynamic friction on the fault.
Two simultaneous North-to-South ruptures develop along each semicircle with a rupture speed of 2 km/s.
We nucleate the rupture using the time-weakening procedure of Andrews (1985) with an imposed rupture speed of 800 m/s.
These factors become smaller for a lower rupture speed, and the value of k for P wave is much more sensitive to the rupture speed than that for S wave (Madariaga 1976).
The largest difference of the two models is the assumed rupture speed, whereby the former uses the infinite rupture speed and the latter employs 90%% of the shear wave velocity.
Areas of low/high rupture speed are associated with large/small energy releases on the fault plane.
Based on the rupture speed and direction, the high-frequency source process can be divided into two parts.
The evolution of the rupture speed down-dip from the hypocenter is also constrained by back-projection studies.
The first part has a relatively slow rupture speed of 1.0 to 1.5 km/s and propagates northwestward.
For both cases, the rupture speed is measured, which appears to be consistent with the Taylor Culick velocity.
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