Also, GPS data indicate that the small surface rupture displacements were compensated for to some extent by large post-seismic slip observed on and beneath the co-seismic rupture zone (Reilinger et al., 2000; Burgmann et al., 2002; Hearn et al., 2002).
The orientation of the western-most 30-km-long Golcük segment, where 4- to 5.5-m surface rupture displacements were observed, varies from N78°E to N84°E, while the average offset on the 26-km-long, N89° W-oriented Sapanca segment was between 2 and 3m(Çemen et al., 2000; Lettis et al., 2002).
We consider that extensional process of the bended rupture that displacement likely normal fault caused by the earthquakes plays an important role in creating the Yoshioka fumarole.
Today, however, closed capsulotomy is rarely performed because of its frequent association with complications such as extracapsular rupture, implant displacement, hematoma formation, and uneven capsule release [ 10].
The locations and parameters such as numbers of surface ruptures with displacement confirmed by field survey are shown in Fig. 2 and in Table 1.
This area is on the western extension line of the Futagawa fault zone (Fig. 2); however, the interferograms of the downtown area are heavily decorrelated, so we were unable to find any linear surface ruptures or displacements (Fig. 10).
The tectonic stress field of the graben groups, such as around Aso caldera and Suizenji Park, appears simple because the distribution of linear surface ruptures and displacements are rather uniform compared with those of the main earthquake faults.
Field surveys have discovered surface ruptures near the displacement boundary [5].
Whereas the main strand displayed little or no vertical displacement, ruptures on the south strand were dominated by southeast-side-up normal slip (Fig. 6b) along fault planes with measured dip angles between 50° and 70°.
