At page 84, in (Schein 2009), the "artifacts" are identified such as dress codes, level of formality in authority relationships, working hours, meeting (how often, how run, timing), how are decisions made, communication, social events, jargon, uniforms, identity symbols, rites and rituals, disagreements and conflicts, balance between work and family.
We examined run timing of 1SW Atlantic salmon originating from multiple, genetically distinct populations within a single large river system.
Owing to its size selectivity and temporally variable nature (Ricker 1995; Quinn et al. 2007), commercial fishing in salmonids has been shown to impact several life-history traits such as growth, age and size at maturation, and run timing.
For comparing run timing among groups we used Wilcoxon rank scores [i.e. Mann–Whitney Wilcoxon test for two-sample data and Kruskal Wallis (K W) test in one-way ANOVA statistic].
Findings of Stewart et al. (2002) with results of other similar investigations (Jonsson et al. 1990; Hansen and Jonsson 1991) suggest that run timing, a behavioral trait, may have a considerable genetic component.
In addition, habitat loss might affect evolutionary trajectories because a number of salmonid life history traits, including spawn timing and run timing vary adaptively with environmental parameters such as elevation, temperature and hydrology (Quinn 2005; Beechie et al. 2006; Achord et al. 2007).
There is currently no satisfactory explanation for the variation in timing of arrival to breeding grounds in Atlantic salmon, but it has been proposed that early run timing is likely to carry a high cost in terms of lost feeding opportunities, reduced growth and ultimately reduced reproductive success (Fleming 1996).
Similarly, river flow regime affects run timing for both adults and out-migrating smolts (Quinn 2005) and recent research has revealed that patterns and the form of precipitation (i.e., rainfall versus snowfall) are changing as well (Stewart et al. 2005; Mote 2006).
Our result showing that the proportion of MSW females in the spawning stock was significantly and positively related to run timing of 1SW salmon (Fig. 4) suggests that sea-age structure of the spawning population may have played a significant role in shaping the migration behavior.
The research used running race timing equipment known as the Alge timing system to monitor the movement of people in the park along a constrained network.
