It also represents an important step towards improving animal welfare and the three Rs' principles of humane experimental technique: replacement, refinement and reduction.
As for any animal experiments, the three Rs' principles must apply.
This model was further optimized keeping in mind the three Rs' principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement [ 38].
In accordance with the three Rs' principles, the predictive character of the cartilage thinning based upon PVF measurement opens the idea of limiting the requirement of post-mortem analysis for future research aimed to gain insight in joint cartilage integrity in this model.
Substituting for "Q" and "R," what the R principle says is "Say no more than you must given that you say as much as you can given that you say no more than you must given … etc. ad infinitum".[25] Levinson takes this to imply that (9) implicates (9c): She stopped the machine in an unusual way, which he describes as an M implicature; it is also an R implicature.
Huang (2007: 40) reverses the ordering, saying that "the R-principle generally takes precedence until the use of a contrastive linguistic form induces a Q-implicature to the non-applicability of the pertinent R-implicature…." This makes it hard to explain why (7) has a Q implicature, or how (9) could have both a Q and an R implicature.
Furthermore, the use of cell lines is an effective implementation of the 3-R principles formulated by Russel and Burch.
For example, I learned in America a long time ago, the three R's, the principle of three R's -- reuse, reduce, recycle.
R Ray Wang, principle at Constellation Research says this is a bigger deal than most people realize.
During virus-host coevolution, the acquisition of an antiviral pathway by the host was generally followed by the appearance of a viral countermeasure so that the current host-parasite interactions are keeping on a dynamic equilibrium (the Red Queen principle) [1], [2], [3].
