Exact(41)
Optimal spacing for maximum production depends on row orientation.
Bunch and berry mass and volume progressively decreased during ripening for all row orientation treatments.
Shoots were grouped into four classes based on row orientation and shoot azimuth from the cordon.
Regardless of row orientation or initial shoot azimuth, shoot tips tended to be displaced eastward (leeward).
The EW row orientation resulted in consistently higher berry mass and volume.
Bud fertility, berry set and general morphology of bunches were largely unaffected by row orientation.
Similar(19)
Primary and secondary shoot characteristics showed minor differences between row orientations and canopy sides.
Long-range order permits rows of atoms to span the image and maintains agreement of row orientations.
Average yields of three ripeness levels over row orientations and seasons were 19.2, 17.4 and 15.9 tons/ha.
Slope permitting, conventional wisdom among winegrape growers prompts many to adhere to north south row orientations to balance between the two sides of the canopy both photosynthetic efficiency and the exposure of fruiting zones to solar radiation.
For both row orientations, reduction of spacing from 5.0 to 4.0 and 2.5 m added on average 39 and 107% more canopy volume and external surface area per hectare, respectively.
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