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As mentioned above, beacon cluster routing algorithm transfers the routing consumption into local computation consumption, each sensor nodes can deliver the packets immediately when the beacon broadcasting arrives.
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The routing energy consumption results show that routing directions may effectively achieve load-balancing than the microscopic routing algorithms, GPSR, and GEAR, particularly for the ROIs with holes.
The representative model to evaluate routing energy consumption per symbol at the k-th hop can be written as [19] e k = p k + c, (9).
The bee agents travel on all the possible paths to collect energy information of all the nodes along the path, predicting the routing energy consumption and selecting the optimal path.
As a proof of concept, in this section, we derive expressions for two additional metrics commonly reported for ad hoc routing protocols: energy consumption and route discovery latency.
This is in terms of the total network energy consumptions, transmission energy consumptions, routing delay, and end-to-end data transmission delay.
Meanwhile the re-routing expenditure has been transformed to lower the distributed calculation consumption in the sensor network.
In fact, our main goal is to investigate the impact of multi-path routing on energy consumption characteristics of sensor nodes in WSNs.
We will compare energy consumption of routing and network coding.
Hence, the energy consumption and routing design become an important issue in the wireless sensor networks.
Therefore, how to reduce the energy consumption of routing is the key to improving lifetime [43 45].
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