Exact(2)
Alternative routes of evolution, such as duplication and subsequent inactivation of the ancestral poxvirus DNAP, cannot be formally ruled out but appear much less likely.
In Crenarchaeota, the DHH domain has partially deteriorated, losing the nuclease activity, and the RecJ-homolog apparently became a dedicated replication system component; the subsequent routes of evolution were notably different between the three major crenarchaeal branches (Sulfolobales, Desulforococcales and Thermoproteales), resulting in extreme sequence divergence.
Similar(58)
This route of evolution plainly violates the Central Dogma.
This would be a typical case of subfunctionalization that is thought to be the preferred route of evolution of genes after duplication in modern genomes [ 136, 137].
All these observations attest to the dynamic character of the evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems and might add to the plausibility of the route of evolution from the CRISPR polymerase to the RAMP-based Cascade complexes.
The diversification of hydra-TRP-N4 (resp. its ancestor) may have been essential for the success of developing the cnidocyst weaponry and thus the success of this cnidarian-specific route of evolution.
Instead, this similarity suggests a similar route of evolution: acquisition of typhoid causing genes, disruption of physical balance of the genome, and rearrangement of the genome to restore the balance.
This route of evolution conceivably was enabled by the virtual sequestration of intracellular parasites and symbionts from HGT and by the ensuing reduction of the effective population size 61, 62.
The 'exon theory' posits that exon shuffling via recombination within introns is an important route of evolution that in particular is responsible for the diversity of the domain architectures of multidomain proteins [ 39, 40, 236].
The MutS [ 71] and DAM [ 72] genes might have been acquired by mitochondrial genomes via horizontal gene transfer but in the case of RPS16 this route of evolution appears unlikely.
Clearly, under the « primordial eukaryotic lineage » scenario, viral hallmark genes in the NCLDV could plausibly originate from the primordial virus world, and transfer of genes from these viruses to the eukaryotic hosts potentially could be a major route of evolution.
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