Exact(1)
These findings suggest that a low level of RsbV-independent σB activity is present at 4°C, which is not seen at 37°C, perhaps suggesting an alternative route pathway for σB activation at low temperatures.
Similar(59)
Although genes coding for proteins related to the bacterial common routes IAM (indole-3-acetamide route) and IPyA (indole-3-pyruvic route) was not found in the A. amazonense genome, the identification of flavin-monooxygenase and nitrilase enzymes suggests the presence of the TAM (tryptamine route) and IAN (indole-3-acetamide route) pathways for IAA synthesis in this bacterium.
Cumulative exposure refers to past and/or present exposure (including relevant background exposure) of an entity to multiple environmental stressors occurring by all pertinent routes, pathways, and sources.
Model outputs include individual profiles and population statistics for daily dermal loading, mass in the blood compartment, ingested residue via nondietary objects, and mass of eliminated metabolite, as well as contributions from various routes, pathways, and media.
In general, whenever possible, collection of both biologic and environmental measurements are encouraged because together they provide a much more complete picture of media, routes, pathways, and physiologic factors that influence exposures of a child.
The urinary arsenic concentration is commonly recognized as the best indicator of arsenic exposure because it integrates all routes, pathways, and sources of exposure into one biologically relevant measurement.
The process of identifying subpopulations (or ecologic populations) that may experience higher-than-average exposures is more complicated in a cumulative risk assessment because we are concerned with combined exposures to multiple stressors via all relevant routes, pathways, and sources (Ryan et al. 2007; Sexton and Hattis 2007).
Three routes in pathway correspond to oxygenation (initial route), glutathione thioether disposition (intermediate route) and sulfoxydation (final route) in connection with both reactive intermediates of epoxide and thiol.
Biomonitoring measurements are limited in that they provide little if any information on the route or pathway of exposure; however, in many instances, this is seen as an advantage because all routes or pathways are integrated so that only one exposure measure is needed.
Risk assessments have, nevertheless, focused mainly on the narrow question of harm from exposure to individual chemicals in a specific environmental medium via a single route or pathway [ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPAA) 2003].
In short, two transit routes through the oral mucosa may be recognized for substances as well as for medications: the transcellular route, a pathway for liposoluble substances (such as fentanyl), able to pass through the cell membranes; and the paracellular route, preferred by more water-soluble substances, which flow through the intercellular phospholipid material (Fig. 3) [ 19].
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