Sentence examples for route models of from inspiring English sources

Both dual route models of reading [46] and connectionist models of reading [47] agree that access to semantic representations may be achieved either directly from orthographic representations or indirectly from orthographic to phonological to semantic representations.

According to dual route models of reading (e.g. [ 11]), the pronunciation of words can be retrieved in two different ways, depending on the frequency and regularity of a word.

According to the dual route model of reading, damage to it would result in reading disorders such as so-called surface dyslexia [ 40]. (2) The ERP data also showed a gradient of lexical activation for N3 at the left occipito/temporal site in response to words with different numbers of orthographic neighbours.

The results are discussed in terms of traditional and modern generate-recognize theory, metacognition, and dual-route models of recall.

Such orthographic whole-word representations are assumed by cognitive dual-route models of word reading [Coltheart et al., 2001; Perry et al., 2007].

The assumption of such an orthographic word lexicon is controversial, but constitutes an essential component of cognitive dual-route models of reading and spelling [e.g., Coltheart, 2004].

Alternatively, high-frequency regular forms might simultaneously activate full-form representations and are processed via decomposition, as proposed in more general dual-route models of morphological processing (Chialant and Caramazza, 1995; Niemi et al., 1994; Schreuder and Baayen, 1995).

In terms of the prominent cognitive dual-route model of visual word processing (e.g., [7]), both the loss of efficient (i.e., length-independent) visual word processing in acquired LBL reading and the difficulty to attain efficient word processing in developmental dyslexia may be traced to a dysfunction of the lexical reading route.

Therefore, our results tend to reflect those of related studies carried out on putatively neutral markers by supporting a two-route model of migration in East Asia, with an emphasis on the role of the second route north to the Himalaya.

Similar results are obtained with either 750 (δ = 0.25 %) or 3,000 (δ = 1 %) best simulations retained.> In addition, the Bayes factors are extremely in favor of the Pincer and Overlapping (both two-route) models because of the low marginal density computed for the Southern-origin model (Table  4).

In contrast, the assumption of an orthographic word lexicon is explicitly denied by connectionist (single route) learning models of reading which demonstrated that complex adjustment of connection weights between distributed representations of letters, hidden units, and phonemes allow correct reading even of irregular words [Harm and Seidenberg, 2004; Plaut et al., 1996].