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Richard Madge While they may seem bizarre, some of these train routings are in order for drivers to refresh route knowledge.
Route knowledge showed a greater impact on wayfinding performance compared to survey knowledge.
The experiment which is reported here investigates the role of landmarks when acquiring route knowledge in a system of paths.
2D map subjects used wall and action-based information to construct their route knowledge, but 3D map subjects tended to rely on landmarks.
Driver standards managers conducted classes as each thought best, and there were gaps in instruction - most obviously in Mr Hodder's instructor, named only as Adams, not recognising it was part of his job to teach route knowledge.
"The novelty about our research is that we have a robotic system that uses human instructions as global waypoints for navigation in an outdoor environment," says Andrea Bauer, one of the researchers at TUM. "The robot can retrieve missing route knowledge just like a person, by asking passersby". Watch a video of the robot on TUM's website here.
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Our findings support claims from the knowledge-sharing literature for a direct route from knowledge diversity through analogical reasoning to novel idea production.
Evidence and counter-evidence are, after all, the best route to knowledge.
Buddhists believed science offered an exciting, alternative route to knowledge grounded in empirical thought, much like their own.
Instructions have long been considered a highly efficient route to knowledge acquisition especially compared to trial-and-error learning.
But logic, he was convinced, is not the only route to knowledge of this reality; we also have something like an extrasensory perception of it, which he called "mathematical intuition".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com