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We first compared the replication of O. anthropi and B. abortus in mice after intraperitoneal injection, a route commonly used in virulence studies [21].
A process of genome erosion and loss of gene function in L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo [5] limits its viability outside a mammalian host and likely impairs disease transmission through water, a route commonly used by L. interrogans to infect new hosts.
Intranasal instillation is an exposure route commonly used in animal models and human subjects, but it is difficult to interpret for natural disease transmission.
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Many were captured during security operations targeting train and bus routes commonly used by Central American migrants as part of a new strategy called new Southern Border Plan (Plan Frontera Sur).
The processing routes commonly used to produce composite parts are then discussed, with reference to cost forecasting, life cycle engineering, and developing technologies.
Two routes commonly used in Europe and the U.S.A., the Leuckart and reductive amination with aluminum/mercury (Al/Hg) amalgam techniques, both require 1-phenyl-2-propanone (P2P) as the starting material (see Figure 1).
Since intranasal delivery route is commonly used for rhinologic drugs, we consider the intranasal route as a possible route for vitamin C supplementation, either alone or as an ingredient of certain drugs or medications.
The IM route is commonly used in many peripheral healthcare units in Africa, but diazepam is slowly and erratically absorbed [ 12].
The intraperitoneal route, although commonly used in guinea pig and hamster models of leptospirosis, does not reflect conditions encountered during natural infection.
Although these manufacturing routes are commonly used, they are still poorly understood and thus not optimised.
Routes most commonly used in Asia and the U.S.A., such as the Nagai, Rosenmund, Birch, Emde, and Moscow methods, all require ephedrine or pseudoephedrine as a starting material.
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