SAR aims to choose optimal routes at the outset of routing and aims to retain optimal route by the use of route adaptation and route preservation.
We therefore have to employ temporal randomization to combat a statistical jammer followed by spatial route adaptation to avoid the resultant random jammer.
In order to better understand the initial route of adaptation of an organismal proteome to chemical ambiguity, we chose to adapt a simple proteome, that of bacteriophage Qβ, to function in the presence of an amino acid analogue.
Which surely, as everyone suggests, is the route any adaptation of Sandman must go.
Quantitatively, in prokaryotes, HGT appears to be a far more important route of adaptation than gene duplication [ 62, 63].
On the other hand, selection in conservation situations might be eased in order to give populations a more gradual (and therefore achievable) route to adaptation.
Many questions remain unanswered with regard to the sources and dates of its introduction, and regarding the relative contributions of human-mediated vs natural dispersion routes, and adaptations of various populations to local conditions (see also Box 3 for further outstanding questions).
Theoretical work confirms the intuition that parallel evolution at the sequence level will be common when there are relatively few genetic mechanisms to produce the adaptive phenotype, and much more rare when there are many genetic routes to adaptation (Orr 2005).
However, the development limits their choice of migration routes and adaptation to different herding and weather conditions - as well as restricting access to traditional resource-rich camp sites, fishing sites and other valuable assets (Forbes et al. 2009; Kumpula et al. 2011) (Figure 15).
Of the many possible genetic routes to adaptation available to a population, the one most often followed depends both on the process of mutation, which creates the raw material for adaptive evolution, and the fitness effects of the resulting mutations.
