Rail roughness and track characterisation measurements were also made.
To assess "lateral" lamellar activity, which affects the width and roughness of track borders, we measured the track perimeter, and calculated roughness and solidity parameters.
Naturally, the dynamic information, inferred from the static PKT morphology, is rather indirect, yet the high-resolution data [especially the roughness of track borders, measured by multiscale segmentation analysis [26]; (Figure 1h)] which could be correlated to dynamic information, based on time-lapse video microscopy (Figure 3).
The code enables the derivation of roughness along 2D tracks using moving windows of predefined length.
In modern ice-sheet settings, characterising bed roughness along RES tracks has the twin advantages of being relatively simple to calculate while producing informative subsurface data, and is especially powerful at furthering understanding when coupled with knowledge of ice flow from field, satellite and modelling investigations.
The vertical dynamics is mainly caused by the interaction of the rail beam and the body (bogie), and the surface roughness of the track beam is the mechanism of its formation.
Response samples are generated to form an ensemble and processed to obtain the second order response statistics during landing and take-off, and thus study the effect of the track roughness on the response.
While the overexpression of this gene induced only minor enhancement in PKT area, it did greatly enhance track roughness, suggesting that it enhances non-directional membrane protrusion (Naffar Abu-Amara, unpublished data).
Analysis of the data shows on which track sections the rail roughness exceeds the wheel roughness by a specified level difference.
Under some conditions, depending on mean creepages, wheelset and track parameters, the initial roughness on the rail is shown to degenerate into corrugation in some frequency bands.
