The four simulations were achieved with the standard spire-roughness method and with three modifications of this technique.
The first simulation features the conventional spire-roughness method, while for the second simulation small spires are added just upstream of the model location.
The surface roughness measurement method has huge potential for engineering applications.
In this study, an urban roughness mapping method is presented on the example of a large study area in Szeged, Hungary, as an example.
A ground surface roughness measurement method is proposed to address current problems in the use of machine vision technology to measure roughness: the calculations are complex, and the measurement process is largely affected by the light source.
The results demonstrate that the surface roughness measurement method, which is based on the overlap degree of the color image, has relatively high accuracy and a relatively wide measurement range and is, to a certain degree, robust to the brightness of the light source and the texture direction.
Some of these studies evaluated the friction characteristics, surface roughness, ligation method, etc.
In addition, the differences between the examined samples of real and artificial profiles are influenced by the type of roughness evaluation method used to assess them, as can be noted comparing the results obtained for the three different approaches considered in this paper (IRI, DLI and a wz ).
This paper presents a review on roughness quantification methods that can be adopted for concrete surfaces.
Most of the existing roughness estimation methods for water tunnels are related to either unlined or concrete/steel-lined tunnels.
The ease of application of the Deaves and Harris roughness-change method to the power-law model is also demonstrated.
