Several statistical roughness indicators are measured in 2D and 3D and a geostatistical analysis is carried on.
International Roughness Index (IRI) is an indicator that is widely adopted to classify road roughness condition, which has been used widely for road infrastructure maintenance and monitoring for many decades[2].
Currently, from more road unevenness single-number indicators, the International Roughness Index (IRI) is the most popular.
Various indicators like Pavement Condition Index (PCI), Present Serviceability Rating (PSR), Roughness Index (RI), etc. have been commonly used to assign a maintenance strategy for the existing pavements.
However, the presence of some independent systemic/patient-related (i.e. smoking) and local (i.e. residual cement, dimension of the keratinized tissue, surface roughness) risk indicators may increase the probability of the disease occurring [3].
Surface roughness, as indicated by rip-lines, was also a useful indicator of the potential for a landscape to retain resources because these rip-lines persisted until vegetation was well established to assume this role.
Traditionally, in materials science, the roughness is an indicator of surface quality and depends on the material processing.
It was found that roughness is an indicator of the coating state that reflects the intrinsic microstructure of the coatings.
On the other hand, as a most common indicator, roughness is only a statistical evaluation which is not enough to describe the topography characteristics of a surface, especially under higher demands on grinding process and functional ground surface quality.
By employing these techniques, parameters like particle size, roundness, sphericity and roughness, which are indicators of the particle morphology, have been established.
