Sentence examples for rough pipes from inspiring English sources
The proposed model fits the presented experimental data very well, for vertical, horizontal, smooth and rough pipes.
The measurement of liquid-induced erosion using CFD DEM (computational fluid dynamics discrete element method) models has been studied in detail, particularly in rough pipes.
Comparison shows that the proposed method should be preferred over other methods in highly turbulent cases for explicit approximation of friction factor in rough pipes.
Experiments of air water two-phase flow frictional pressure drop of vertical and horizontal smooth and relatively rough pipes were conducted, respectively.
For rough pipes, Serghides (I) and (II), Zigrang-Sylvester (I) and (II), Chen, and Haaland equations can be employed with confidence.
The proposed model, which has no adjustable parameters and is represented in an explicit form, provides satisfactory predictions of the maximum heat and mass transfer reduction in smooth and rough pipes.
In variety of industrial applications involving complex rough pipe networks under turbulent flow, explicit approximations to friction factor are preferred over implicit approximations.
The test section of the experimental set-up is consisted of: a smooth pipe of polycarbonate with 10.3 m long and 2.54 cm ID, a rough pipe of galvanized iron with 8.8 m long and 2.54 cm ID and a rough pipe of galvanized iron with 8.8 m long and 1.27 cm ID.
Transition to fully developed rough pipe flow was detected in the enhanced tubes after a critical Reynolds number and the corresponding Prandtl number exponent was estimated to be 0.47.
The resulting weighting-function model for short-lived transients is used to develop a simple formula predicting values of unsteady skin friction coefficients suitable for an instantaneous-acceleration model of unsteady skin friction in fully rough pipe flows.
In the analysis of water distribution networks, the main required design parameters are the lengths, diameters, and friction coefficients of rough-pipes, as well as nodal demands and water levels in the reservoirs.
