According to the small molecular weight of firefly luciferase, 62 kDa [ 49] and rough estimates of time required for transcription and translation, images collected during the first 10-minutes after an overdose should adequately reflect luciferase made up to the time of imaging, and shorter exposures would provide even more conservative assays of expression.
We used these data to calibrate a relaxed molecular clock and to determine a rough estimate of the time of infection for each patient.
To investigate this further we estimated the mutation rate per year and per generation in mitochondrial DNA from the level of synonymous divergence at 4-fold degenerate sites, d4, for whole mitochondrial genome sequences from several pairs of animals for which we have well estimated divergence times, and a rough estimate of generation time.
We evaluated each tool based on a rough estimate of its time requirements to provide results for a "standard" restoration analyst (i.e., a Masters-level specialist trained in ecosystem service analysis, including GIS and/or economic valuation).
Seiler [ 17] also proposed a rough estimate of the time of divergence, based on the geographical distribution of the different reproductive types.
The ratio of these two quantities thus constitutes a rough estimate of the time separating the species in units of 2 Ne generations.
The τ value, which reflects the location of the mismatch distribution crest, provides a rough estimate of the time when rapid population expansion started.
Janke et al. [ 48] used mitochondrial genomes of a total 35 species to obtain rough estimates of divergence times for Squamata and turtles, assuming a constant evolutionary rate between 2 reference points: the Synapsida/Diapsida split (310 Mya) and the Crocodylidae/Aves split (254 Mya).
A rough estimate of the execution time is given for each step of the training process.
Our goal was to have a rough estimate of number of Numts in these genomes for comparative purposes only.
The results reveal no migration in either direction and allowed a rough estimate of the divergence time between the two sibling species.
