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It is well established that if the ionospheric conductivity is horizontally uniform, the rotational (divergence-free) ionospheric current that is observable on the ground is the Hall current, which flows CW (CCW) along the equipotential lines around the positive (negative) potential at high latitude in the Northern Hemisphere.
For mid-latitude Rossby waves (RWs), however, the direction of (overline {mathbf {V}^* p^*}) differs from the group velocity and hence the energy flux, by a rotational vector flux with zero divergence.
This vector field, termed the wave-front flow field, permits quantitative analysis of the magnitude of rotational activity (vorticity) and focal activity (divergence) at each spatial point.
However, divergence occurs in the rotational system for low spring natural frequencies and this would lead to its failure for energy production.
Note that the additional rotational flux in b and c has no influence on the divergence.
Divergence and flutter stability boundaries are identified, and the effects of rotational speed, rotor diameter, location of blade center of gravity and blade pitch are discussed.
The additional rotational flux in (17b) corrects the profile of the energy flux, without affecting the divergence of the energy flux.
This traditional hybrid coordinate model is referred as the zero-order approximation coupling model in this paper, which may result in divergence to the dynamic problem of a flexible cantilever beam with a high rotational speed.
Relative rotational mismatch between the femoral and tibial components was measured by superimposing the CT images and measuring the angular divergence of the femoral component relative to the tibial component.
The boundary curves for the flutter and divergence instability of the beam in the tangency coefficient and translational spring constant plane with various values of the rotational spring constant, and in the tangency coefficient and translational spring constant plane with various values of the rotational spring constant are shown.
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