Therefore rotational deviation between femur and tibia could be measured.
However, in a clinical situation, a second plate could have prevented the rotational deviation.
8 of 10 patients had a rotational deviation of the femoral component of more than 3 degrees, and 6 of 10 patients had a rotational deviation of the tibial component of more than 3 degrees (Tables 1 and 2).
Even a small rotational deviation of the toric IOL from its intended axis can result in large reduction of the astigmatic correction [ 5].
Lateral deviation of the facial bones is commonly observed, with severe rotational deviation of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebral column and deformation of the ribcage and sternum secondary to the scoliosis, frequently observed.
The rotational deviation of the distal fracture fragment in all the constructs was most likely the result of the eccentric orientation of the plate relative to the concavity of the femoral condyles.
The rotational deviation between the transepicondylar line and the medial border of the tuberosity was in median 17.4° relative external rotation of the femur (range: 32.9° relative external to 13.8° relative internal rotation of the femur).
Because rotational alignment was calculated relative to the short axis (tibial tubercle to the centre of the tibial tray), a deviation of one millimeter at the tibial tubercle resulted in a rotational deviation of about five degrees (depending on the size of the tibia).
where S sym is the rotational symmetry surface deviation of the test part S. Furthermore, the asymmetric component of the test surface can be derived as {S}_{asy}left(rho, theta right)={T}_ileft(rho, theta right -{T}_{ave}left(right -{T}_{ave}left}_{kNtheta}left(rho, theta right) (7).
The three translational differences (ulnar, dorsal, and distal translational) and three rotational differences (palmar rotation, ulnar deviation, and pronation) are derived from the 4 × 4 transformation matrices that resulted from image registration [ 13].
