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This rotating ring in turn drives the rotation of the central axle (the γ subunit stalk) within the α and β subunits.
Rotation of the central shaft from the rotor is accompanied by conformational changes in the β subunits of the F1 stator.
When being driven by ATP hydrolysis, the direction of the rotation of the central shaft relative to the immobilized F1 sector was observed to be counter-clockwise, viewed from the Fo-proximal side (Noji et al., 1997).
#Steric hindrance in the betaine with greater hindrance leading to greater reversibility by disfavoring formation of the intermediate and slowing the rate-limiting rotation of the central bond.
Initial addition of the ylide results in a betaine with adjacent charges; density functional theory calculations have shown that the rate-limiting step is rotation of the central bond into the conformer necessary for backside attack on the sulfonium.
By obstructing the rotation of the central stalk, the V1-ATPase A3B3 complex can stop cycling between the three nucleotide-binding states thus preventing the unwanted hydrolysis of ATP.
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In the best cases, the mass and rotation speed of the central compact object can be determined through the detailed analysis of the wavelength and shape of certain spectral lines of iron.
For example, subunits A and B form the A3B3 catalytic complex that is responsible for hydrolyzing ATP and inducing the rotation of the DF central rotor stalk.
The HTA has been shown to be prone to errors in rotation and location of the central beam as well as insufficient weight application [8].
In all V-ATPases the catalytic activity arises from conformational changes resulting from ATP-binding and hydrolysis on the A subunits near the AB interface [32], [33], [34].These changes drive the rotation of the heterodimeric DF central stalk which ultimately results in the translocation of protons across the membrane through the a cc' 4-5c″d proteolipid ring [35], [36], [37].
The acquisition setup allows for rotation of the camera around the central axis of the camera lens.
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