Depending on the relative final returns of growing trees or wood processing, growing large trees over long rotations may be replaced with short-rotation management of small trees for production of fibre and biomass.
The FORECAST model (without the climate change component) has been previously applied in subtropical Chinese fir plantations to evaluate the impact of intensive short-rotation management on soil productivity (Bi et al. 2007; Xin et al. 2011).
However, the economies of scale of industrialized short-rotation management may more than balance these advantages of alternative silviculture in many parts of the world in the short-term, where the production of large amounts of homogenous timber is the main aim of forestry.
We used a raster representation of fields (one pixel by field), to concentrate on crop-rotation management-related effects, independently from the shape of fields and of diverse perennial landscape elements.
In this study, decision making units were replaced by silvicultural systems, which were even-aged rotation forest management (RFM), continuous cover management (CCF) and any-aged management (AAF), which is a combination of CCF and RFM.
There are no harvesting cost to forest landowner RFM rotation forest management, CCF continuous cover forestry, AAF any-aged forest management.
The PTS-clusters were combined to four climatic regions which together with WARD clusters on wind speed and direction as well as with land use clusters (crop rotation and management), which were provided by other project partners, enabled to finally define eight regions with a maximum of internal homogeneity.
The PTS clusters were combined to four climatic regions which, together with Ward clusters on wind speed and direction as well as with land use clusters (crop rotation and management) [56], enabled to define eight regions in Northern Germany with a maximum of internal homogeneity.
Rotation and management inputs did not affect weed densities in conventional soybean (Table 2).
