Effects of rivet rotating rate and punch speed on axial plunge force, torque, joint microstructure and quality have been analyzed systematically.
Kinetic activity for ORR is measured ex situ with Linear scan voltammetry (LSV) in rotating disk electrode (RDE) apparatus with 1600 rpm rotating rate and 5 mVsweepweep rate in O2 purged 0.5 M HClO4 solution.
As is observed from Figure 11b, the diameter of semicircles has been increased to 1,500 rpm since they have been reduced with the increase in the electrode rotating rate.
Using the continuous image sequence calculation and measuring the variation of the rotating rate for the spinner, and by adjusting the frequency of pulsed light source, the rotational speed of the biodisk and the pulsed light frequency can be synchronized.
During F-SPR, higher rotating rate and slower punch speed can reduce axial force and torque, which correspondingly results in a slightly smaller interlock between rivet leg and joined materials.
The rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurement of the catalysts after activation was conducted by scanning the electrode potential from 0.8 to −0.2 V (vs. SCE) at a rate of 5 mV · s−1 and with an electrode rotating rate of 900 rpm in argon and oxygen-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, respectively.
The stability experiments of liner sweep voltammogram show that a-MnO2/CNTs-OH decreases by 0.155 mA cm−2 after scanning for 200 cycles at the rotating rate of 1500 rpm with a sweep rate of 5 mV s−1.
The catalytic current density has reached a diffusion-controlled level for the first time for BOD at an electrode rotating rate of 4000 rpm and at 25 °C (8 mA cm−2).
The polarization curves were measured in argon and oxygen-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, respectively, at a potential scanning rate of 5 mV · s−1 from 0.8 to −0.2 V (vs. SCE), electrode rotating rate of 900 rpm and ring potential of 1.0 V (vs. SCE).
It can probably be due to the presence of H+ ions and dissolved oxygen which caused oxidation of the mild steel and formation of the oxide layers as protective layers on the electrode surface with the increase in the electrode rotating rate (Ashassi-Sorkhabi and Asghari 2008; Tian and Cheng 2008).
