The roots of the Enlightenment can be found in the humanism of the Renaissance, with its emphasis on the study of Classical literature.
Mr. Wolfe characterizes the 20th century as making a Promethean "start from zero," even though the democratic strivings of that era had roots in Enlightenment notions of individualism and progress.
The discussion has its modern roots in Enlightenment ideas of equal respect and of what is therefore owed to all by virtue of their common humanity.
My first book, Enlightenment's Frontier: the Scottish Highlands and the Origins of Environmentalism (Yale, 2013) investigates the environmental roots of the Scottish Enlightenment.
Like Marxism, the neo-liberal market ideology that achieved a brief hegemony during the last decades of the century had its roots in Enlightenment traditions.
Robert Skidelsky and Edward Skidelsky (a father-and-son/economist-and-philosopher combination) are firmly rooted in the tradition of enlightenment rationalism, but they too seek an economics of enough.
Some say this attitude is rooted in the Age of Enlightenment and a Newtonian consciousness that sees the Earth as an unfeeling mechanism separate from us and which we can control and master.
Unitarianism has historical roots in Enlightenment attempts to soften away what were perceived as the irrational edges of Christianity (the incarnation, hell, the trinity).
Poland's philosophy departments had long been dominated by Marxism, which, like liberalism, is rooted in Enlightenment notions of reason and in the pursuit of universal truths.
In an interview, she said the idea of an author whose singular effort creates an original work is rooted in Enlightenment ideas of the individual.
But unlike many places, we have always had important strains of philo-Semitism as well; there is a long American tradition, with both Protestant and Enlightenment roots, of really liking Judaism and the Jews.
