Individual GS gene transcripts were quantified by quantitative real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in roots grown on ammonium nitrate, de-nodulated roots, root nodules, leaves, stems, light or dark grown cotyledons, flowers, pods and seeds.
Auxin transport is also crucial for hair elongation in rice roots grown in low external P23.
In contrast, taa1 roots grown on low P did not respond to low P conditions (Supplementary Fig. 3).
The proposed method was successfully applied for the study of glycyrrhizic acid's level of licorice roots grown in three regions of Lorestan province, Iran, with different climate conditions.
The latent time of the graviresponse is shorter and the response itself is enhanced in roots grown on the clinostat compared to vertically grown samples.
The total change of the relative longitudinal position of amyloplasts with respect to the distal cell wall remained almost unchanged in roots grown on the clinostat.
The early phases of graviperception are independent of root growth conditions since presentation time and g-threshold are similar for roots grown stationary and those on a clinostat.
Our results show that 100 nM latrunculin B induced the strongest promotive effect on the curvature of maize roots grown on a clinostat.
Four-day-old roots grown in control conditions or in 24 h of sorbitol were stained with propidium iodide (10 μg/ml, PI, Sigma).
Tracing stemflow using dye demonstrated that infiltrating stemflow water was preferentially funneled belowground along heart and sinker roots, laterally oriented coarse roots, and congregations of fine roots grown into decayed root channels of felled trees.
Hairy roots grown in the acoustic mist bioreactor showed higher biomass (5.4 g DW l−1 after 15 days) and specific growth rate (0.06 per day), comparable with shake flask culture data.
