Root-to-shoot transportation of Cd did not occur in the early response to Cd, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in roots and leaves.
This suggested that the introgression modified the capacity of the rice roots to control the transportation of Na+ from roots to shoots via a gene expression regulation.
TaHKT1 5-D and TaHKT1 5-D mediandd Na+ TmHKT1 5-ATmHKT1 5-Aroots xylemediatedNa+maintransportationK+-to-Na+ ratio in the leaves [ 81, 84, 86].
To estimate the metal transportation from roots to fronds and the metal bioaccumulation from soil to fronds, we compared the translocation factor (TF) and bioaccumulation factor (BF), which was the ratio of metal concentration in aboveground tissues to that in roots [ 15] and the ratio of concentration in soils to that in aboveground tissues [ 18], respectively, of this fern.
Under salt stress, the Na+ metabolism of plants has at least three processes: compartmentalization (at cellular and/or tissue levels), exclusion (from shoots into roots or from roots to the rhizosphere), and transportation (in vasculature) of the ions.
Apical transportation may reduce root canal disinfection and difficult sealing ability of the root filling [ 25].
This analysis is important because of the metals' potential toxicity and transportation through the root system into the buds and tea leaves.
Studies have assessed apical transportation in curved root canals prepared with reciprocating instruments [ 26– 29].
The ability to shape curved root canals without causing apical transportation may be affected by these systems' characteristics [ 15].
Under the conditions of this study, cervical preflaring did not influence apical transportation in curved root canals instrumented using Reciproc R25 and the WaveOne Primary files.
From our data, it can be conclude that cervical preflaring did not influence the occurrence of apical transportation when curved root canals were prepared with Reciproc R25 and WaveOne Primary files.
