The concentration of condensed tannin precursors was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the mycorrhizal roots of line 23 than in the roots of lines 44 and 65 (Table 1).
There was no effect of silencing in the T1 roots of lines transformed via the biolistic method.
Morphologically the roots of line HR E1.5 were much thicker, shorter and less branched than those of HR E1.16.
Lignin content as a percentage of dry weight (DW) evaluated with the acetyl bromide method was 27.6% in the non-inoculated and 27.1% in the mycorrhizal roots of clone A. In PtCOMT lines the root lignin content varied between the highest value of 27.8% of mycorrhizal roots of line 65 and the lowest of 24.5% of mycorrhizal roots of line 23.
In the leaf of OE lines, 15 known miRNAs increased in abundance and 9 miRNAs decreased in abundance, whereas in the root of OE lines, 2 known miRNAs increased in abundance and 9 miRNAs decreased in abundance.
Five cDNA libraries obtained from nodules or nodulated roots of genetic lines Finale, Frisson, Sparkle, Sprint-2 and NGB1238 were sequenced using a versatile 3′-RNA-seq protocol called MACE (Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends).
Salt stress strongly stimulated the expression of all members of the OsHAK family in roots of both lines.
Salt stress increased the steady-state transcript levels of OsHKT1 1, OsHKT1 3 and OsHKT1 5 in roots of both lines.
The rate of NO3− influx into roots of OX lines was higher than that of WT (Fig. 4a), indicating that elevated expression of OsNPF7.2 enhanced nitrate uptake by roots.
Because OsVPE3 has high homology with OsVPE1, we performed qRT-PCR experiment to detect the expression levels of OsVPE homologous genes in the roots of transgenic lines (Fig. 4d).
Carotene intermediates, mainly phytoene, but also phytofluene, ζ-carotene, and lycopene predominated in roots of all lines, and α-carotene was absent.
