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The elements of Σ loss are defined by the outer product of the square root of individual loss l i, Thus, on the diagonal we have Σ loss;ii = li and off the diagonal we have for i, j=1,…, n.
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Nevertheless, a six-to-three majority saw it the other way, so Rutledge and his twenty-eight-year-old clerk collaborated on a lengthy dissent, which said that the majority had torn at "the roots of individual freedom".
The festival promises cardboard puppets, punk-glam rock bands, choral spoken word and fallen angels in a lineup that addresses topical issues like the inequities between rich and poor and the roots of individual freedom and identity.
The festival's producer, Mark Russell, said in a statement that the event "will directly and indirectly investigate the issues that face us today — the inequities between the rich and poor; our own history of resistance and radical thought; and the roots of individual freedom and identity".
Analyses were performed on separated shoots and roots of individual plants.
Three mycelial agar plugs cut from a 2-week-old culture of P. involutus were placed close to the roots of individual plants.
However, recently, new methods have been proposed to compute Δ F from an approximate rooting of individual inbreeding coefficients based on pedigree knowledge (Equivalent complete generations, EqG) [ 8].
A possible, but to our knowledge unexplored, mechanism for variation in productivity in ecotypic monocultures is different degrees of overlap among the roots of individual plants (see Schenk et al. 1999; Novoplansky 2009).
In a second experiment we monitored the growth rates of roots of individual Pseudoroegneria plants when they grew into the rhizospheres of other plants and made contact with roots of the same accession or different accession in the same chambers used and described in Mahall and Callaway (1991).
Ectomycorrhizal fungus communities are typically diverse, with multiple species colonizing the roots of individual trees simultaneously [ 34], and two or more plant root systems can be interconnected by a common mycorrhizal network [ 35] with the potential to transfer nutrients among the plants (see, for example, [ 36]).
These large clumps require a spade and consequently more destruction of crowns and roots of individual plants as well as a longer period to recover from transplant shock.
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