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The mining-induced stress transfer will be blocked by cutting the roof stratum with a slit produced by DTB.
We build the "combined cantilever" mechanical model for top coal and roof stratum, and further identify and solve the contradiction between rib spalling and top coal caving and drawing characteristics.
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The penetration can be deeper for competent roof strata and more level seams.
After early trials about 1920, they were developed in the 1940s for strengthening laminated roof strata in mines.
Caving of roof strata typically occurs immediately behind the face shield supports.
Most of the OSD is associated with mining of immediate roof strata.
Open image in new window Fig. 5 Distribution of damage in the roof strata.
Furthermore, the settlement of the roof strata was small and no disaster occurred.
The roof strata satisfying the ∆ j − ∆ m ≤ 0 condition are defined as immediate roof while the roof strata satisfying the ∆ j − ∆ m > 0 condition are defined as upper roof.
In fact, failure of overlying roof strata is mainly governed by the geology and strength of the strata.
The coal processing waste consists of 20%% in-seam dilution and 80%% OSD, primarily from roof strata.
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