Smad signalling plays important roles in developmental and cancer biology as well as in fibropathogenesis.
Antagonists of several growth factor signaling pathways play important roles in developmental patterning by limiting the range of the cognate inducer.
Prostaglandins play key roles in developmental and reproductive processes in vertebrates, and in recent years, it has been suggested that weak analgesics might also act as endocrine disrupters.
Most families in the AGC, CAMK, CMGC, SCY1, STE, and TKL groups exhibited high expression levels in most tissues, suggesting that these families play key roles in developmental processes.
We find here that activity of the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway, which has essential roles in developmental patterning, is required for regeneration of prostate epithelium, and that continuous pathway activation transforms prostate progenitor cells and renders them tumorigenic.
Recent work in our laboratory and elsewhere has highlighted additional properties of antigen receptor loci that likely to play important roles in developmental regulation.
Pax3 and Pax7 are paired-box transcription factors with roles in developmental and adult regenerative myogenesis.
Myb family transcription factors play regulatory roles in developmental processes, such as cell division and chromosome partitioning.
The neurotrophic factor, BDNF, has in recent years been the subject of considerable interest primarily for its roles in developmental and synaptic plasticity, and as a neuroprotective factor for multiple aging-related neurodegenerative disorders [3].
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) not only play important roles in developmental and physiological processes, but also are directly implicated in human cancer and other proliferative disorders (reviewed in [17] and [18]).
One theory for the large number of TIR1 homologs is that although IAA is the major form of auxin, there may be other structurally different forms of natural auxin playing roles in developmental processes, with AFB proteins providing differing specificity for these compounds [8].
