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Traditionally, the majority of these methods have, unsurprisingly, placed significant emphasis on the technological phenotypes of the cultures and include growth performance or activity testing, phage robustness, flavour testing and matrix formation analysis.
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Tapada de Villar Vinho Verde, Portugal 2017 (£9.95, Marks & Spencer) For salads with more robust flavours – whether that means pungent vinegary and garlicky dressings or chilli and ginger spice– I tend to look for wines with either a bit more robustness of texture or (for the spicy heat) tongue-cushioning sugar.
They can lend body, texture and a subtle flavour to cakes and biscuits, a pleasing robustness to a tin loaf or a crunch to crumble topping.
While the technological attributes of dairy starter cultures are essential to achieve the desired flavours and characteristics in the final product, the phage robustness of these strains is also an important consideration.
What is clear is that hops, which act as a preservative as well as a flavouring, combined with a hefty dose of alcohol for added robustness, ensured that the beer survived the long sea journey to India.
Flavour is.
The flavour?
Vanillin is an important flavour.
Second, there was the robustness.
Statisticians call this property "robustness".
There's a narrative robustness.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com