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In order to find a chemically-defined medium (CDM) that robustly sustains long term hESC self-renewal, we started by testing those media that had already been reported to achieve this goal [14], [31] [35].
Here, using a series of mutated hybrid cytochrome bc1-like complexes, we show that inter-monomer electron transfer robustly sustains the function of the enzyme in vivo, even when the two subunits in a dimer come from different species.
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In these games, it is a surprising result that populations robustly sustain a proportion of Suckers or Lemmings in the long term.
This illusion arises during synchronous rather than asynchronous touch and is robustly sustained during non-touch periods up to one minute.
In order to develop chemically-defined media that robustly sustain hESC self-renewal, it is of critical importance that the signals and mechanisms controlling hESC fate choices (such as choosing to differentiate into a particular lineage as opposed to remaining undifferentiated) be understood in detail.
Perhaps, in these latter cases self-renewal of converted human ES cells is not robustly sustained because LIF signalling cannot sufficiently activate the pre-implantation PGRN which requires further reinforcement from additional TFs.
Therefore, it is conceivable that LAT1 protein in brain vessels is more robustly depleted during sustained inflammation caused by an actual bacterial infection, the course of which can take several days or weeks.
Our results confirmed that sustained TTX robustly increases GluA1 and GluA2 AMPAR subunit surface expression.
In subject matter it's akin to the movie Little Big Man, certainly; but make no mistake, The Ballad of Trenchmouth Taggart creates and sustains its very own world, robustly catechising more than a century of American life as it bowls its narrative hoop along the epic inner lives of the so-called dirt-poor.
The GC-1 cells represent a relatively homogenous cell line that can be readily and robustly expanded without being co-cultured with somatic cells, while sustaining germ cell characteristics [42].
B-MYB is robustly expressed in embryonic stem cells and has been reported to sustain the self-renewal capacity of such cells (Zhan et al., 2012) by promoting the genomic stability and survival of these cells.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com